We recommend installing and using the latest versions of R and RStudio IDE.

The common R data types for research are numeric, factor, and character.

Numeric

a <- c(-1, -3, 0, 5, 7, 8, 4, 6.3, 10)

• "<-" is the assignment operator.

• "c()" function combines values into a vector or list.

• We can get help about functions by using the question mark followed by the name of the function, for example:

?c()

Factor

drink_vector <- (c('milk', 'water', 'juice'))
drink_vector
# [1] "milk"  "water" "juice"
drink_factor <- factor(drink_vector)
drink_factor
# [1] milk  water juice
# Levels: juice milk water

Character

d<-c('Hellow world', 'R is fun!')
d
# [1] "Hellow world" "R is fun!"

Create a dataframe:

a <- c(1, 3, 5, 7)
b <- c(2, 4, 6, 8)
df<-data.frame(a, b)
df

Add a column with the $ operator:

df$new_column <- c(1, 2, 3, 4)
df

Add a column with the cbind function:

df <- cbind(df, new_new_column = c('a', 'b', 'c', 'd'))
df

View the dataframe as a table in RStudio:

view(df)

Get the names of the dataframe:

names(df)

Display the structure of the dataframe:

str(df)

Summary

summary(df)

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