Download the data

Loading shapefiles of roads and some places of Erbil city in Iraq

roa = "D:/erbil_data/erbil_data/roads.shp"
pla = "D:/erbil_data/erbil_data/places.shp"

Choose only primary roads from the roads shapefile

expression = "fclass = 'primary'"

primary_roads = processing.run("native:extractbyexpression",
    {"INPUT":roa, "EXPRESSION":expression,"OUTPUT":"memory:"}
    )["OUTPUT"]

Create a buffer around primary roads

buffered_primary_roads = processing.run("native:buffer",
    {'INPUT':primary_roads,'DISTANCE':0.01,'SEGMENTS':5,'END_CAP_STYLE':0,
    'JOIN_STYLE':0,'MITER_LIMIT':2,'DISSOLVE':False,'OUTPUT':'memory:'}
    )['OUTPUT']

Add the layer of buffered_primary_roads

QgsProject.instance().addMapLayer(buffered_primary_roads)

Find places along primary rods

places_along_primary_roads = processing.run("native:extractbylocation",
    {"INPUT": pla, "PREDICATE": [0], "INTERSECT":buffered_primary_roads, "OUTPUT": "memory:"}
    )['OUTPUT']
QgsProject.instance().addMapLayer(places_along_primary_roads)

Print the name of places along primary roads

for feature in places_along_primary_roads.getFeatures():
    print(feature["name"])